Faith

Islamic Evidence of the Bible’s Corruption

Note: While living for two years in Saudi Arabia I made Muslim friends and as a result have developed Islamic connections on social media. One group I am a part of is devoted to interfaith dialog between Muslims and Christians. The majority of the members appear to be from the Middle East and Africa. In April, I posed a question to the group: “Muslim apologists frequently claim that the Bible has been corrupted from its original form. What specific evidence do you have of corruption? As someone who has spent more than a little time studying the textual history of the Bible, the New Testament in particular, I find the claim of corruption difficult to substantiate. Compared to all other ancient texts, the Biblical text is extremely well attested in the manuscript record.” The question led to hundreds of comments and counter comments from many members. Those comments I consolidated into a single list of twenty evidences. I then shared that list of twenty with the group and asked for validation, which I received from the Muslim members of the group. I present that list here without additional comment. I hope in the future to return to it and share further thoughts. (DL, Sept. 13, 2021)


Continue reading
Standard
Poetry

Goliath’s Final Challenge

Day dawned on Elah, and Goliath strode
onto the field. Three-hundred pounds of bronze
were buckled on him, and the armor glowed— 
portentously reflecting rising dawn’s
most thirsty reds. The armies of the LORD
had watched this happen every day (like pawns
resigned to death), and still the mighty sword
and spearhead weighing forty pounds had not
yet lost their fearful newness. Thrice he roared
to gather silence for himself, then shot 10
his widespread hands into the sky, and once 
again his blasphemies began their hot
assault. 

Continue reading
Standard
Faith

Disillusioned Tears

Notes: Much of my inner life since about 2010 has been lived against a backdrop of constant, dull pain. It is the pain of disillusionment, of hope betrayed. In the last few years I have learned to have more peace, to accept what I cannot change. In particular, I have begun to learn how to live a life of faith again and to hope in God even in the midst of unresolved doubt. But there are days (today was one in fact) where the old pain is strong, and then I feel lethargic and sad. (DL, June 10, 2023).


"You have been trying to trap me in words, playing with me? Or are you now trying to snare me with a falsehood?"
"I would not snare even an orc with a falsehood," said Faramir.

I was raised in a Christian home by conservative parents.

I was taught that the Bible is 100% literally true because it’s God’s message to humanity.

As a boy, I was taught that biblical, heterosexual marriage and the family is a great good and a gift from God. I was taught that husbands and wives deserve loyalty, kindness, and love from one another, and that they have a duty to be loyal, kind, and loving.

I was taught that abortion is wrong and a heinous slaughter of innocents because every human—even an unborn one—is a valuable soul made in the image of God Himself.

I was taught that God hates lies, and that to speak truth and eschew falsehood is Good, is pleasing to God, and is a mark of honor in a man.

I was taught that stealing from another—or even coveting what belongs to another instead of rejoicing with them in their bounty—is an evil deed, and that persisting in evil deeds, and hiding them, stains and twists the character and the soul.

I was taught that a man is to treat a woman with respect at all times, and in matters of love, with gentleness and chivalry.

That’s what I was taught, and each of those lessons took deep root in the very core of my being. I believed them all. And I wanted to be—longed to be—a man characterized by those things. A man of Virtue.


Then I grew up an learned lots of other things.

First I learned that the president was a Bad Man because he wasn’t a Man of Virtue. He did shady dealings with cronies. He Whitewatered and Travelgated and cheated on his wife with an intern and lied about it.

How sad for America that Bad People had chosen a Bad Man to be president instead of a Man of Virtue like Ronald Reagan.

Then I learned more.

I learned that my Sunday-school-dad was a serial adulterer. I learned that my mom and dad had, ahem, known each other for a long time before they were married. I learned that the guy who worked for Ronald Regan who went on to write the Book of Virtues was a gambling addict. I learned that Rush Limbaugh was a drug addict. That Newt Gingrich left his wife when she had cancer. I learned that pastors—so many pastors—cheated on their wives. I learned that lots of things taught as for-sure Bible truth were in fact a bunch of nonsense. And that the Bible probably isn’t 100% literally true at all.

And I learned more.

I learned that it was more fun to play video games than to work hard. I learned that I liked porn and that it was very hard not to look at it. I learned that telling lies could really make your day go a lot more smoothly than telling the truth. I learned that I liked eating junk food and would keep doing it even though I knew it made me fat and that my being fat was unpleasant for me and for those closest to me—but I did it anyway.

So much I have learned.

About the loss of faith. About political expediency. And WMDs in Iraq. And water boarding. And To Catch a Predator. About the Jack Bauers and the Frank Underwoods. The Bill Clintons. Bill Gothards. Arnold Schwarzeneggers. The Donald Trumps.

And yes, even the David Lohneses.


I would be lying if I didn’t admit that I very often wish with a lump in my throat (maybe even now, but shhhhh) that I could be that boy again who believed in Good and looked up to Good Men, and the Good Old Flag, and the Good Book, and delighted in Hope at the triumph of Good.

But I can’t.

I’m a middle-aged, overweight white guy who struggles with depression at what he and the world is and is becoming, even though I have nothing to complain about because I’m a scion of white upper middle-class America and have had basically all the benefits with very few of the pains of the human experience.

I grew up thinking I lived in Lothlorien only to discover I was in Terry Gilliam’s Brazil. And the wound has never healed.


But I will be damned before I give up on Lothlorien.

And I’ll be damned before I vote for Saruman for loathing of Sauron. The light may fail, and darkness may cover the lands, and I may be an orc myself like every other orc that slithers across this globe.

But even if orcs and a world filled with orcish dens is all I ever know, in my heart the Idea of the Good Man still shines brightly—so brightly it hurts. And I may never be that, and I may never see it, but I’ll be damned before I walk away from it.

And I refuse to be a Wormtongue to Trump’s Saruman,

Even if so many of those I once respected and trusted have no problem being so.


EDIT: Based on several similar comments, it seems that this post has come across as more of a complaint against people than I meant it–as if there were some bitterness or disappointment I feel in people. That is not how I feel. One of my friends upon reading this post encouraged me not to forget forgiveness, and to save some for myself as well. I have pasted my response to him below.


Forgiveness.

If I have forgotten it, I suppose it would be for myself as you suggest. I love myself as much as any man does, yet often I do not like myself.

But I have no grudge with people. I don’t feel betrayed by the failings of others. How can I blame people for being people? Born into an inscrutable existence, beset with sorrows and challenges beyond their means, and finding their try half over just as they begin to understand the question.

I would have little knowledge of either myself or the human condition if I were to begrudge others their failures—no matter how low.

For many I feel mostly pity. Dennis Hastert is a good example. How must the enjoyment of his accolades and power been tainted by the knowledge of his secret sin—like Dimmesdale in the Scarlet Letter. Unless he felt no guilt or shame and was instead a nothing man not feeling the brokenness of his state, clinging to scraps of glory and power he could never keep, watching in vain as day by day his face grew older in the mirror. An evil man, but pitiable—like Gollum, grasping in vain after his Precious, and incapable of peace.

Probably if I had been a victim, my pity would be overcome by bitterness and hate, and forgiveness would be hard to find. And certainly I believe in Evil and that there are Evil Men worthy only of confrontation and destruction.

But mostly I see the human race as struggling blindly in darkness. We are something like sightless swine squealing after scraps, while singing stories about our royal pedigree and noble mien. We are also like blind children, left alone in the wild to grope our way home as best we can. Pitiable.

Some perhaps are born bent and broken, as are dogs which have been bred to cruelty and violence. But even then, a person can hardly choose his genes or upbringing.

No. I have no grudge with people. If I feel a grudge, it is with God.

It seems to me that if He is and rules as my Calvinist reading of the Bible says he does, He must be cruelly unjust—setting us to a test He knows we cannot pass, and torturing us forever when we fail it.

If He is and rules in some other way, then He seems to me distant and uncaring—giving no sure and loving sign to lead us on the road while we squeal and grope in the darkness, consuming ourselves.

If He is not . . .
. . . then Lorien indeed is dead and I am inconsolable.

Standard
Faith

Irrefragable: Examining the Word-for-word Reliability of the Gospels

“The Scripture cannot be broken.”

Jesus

The following analysis was first written in May of 2015 for a group of dear friends with whom I was working through some questions related to the Christian faith of my childhood and early adult years. Beginning in my early-mid 30s, for the first time in my life I began to seriously question the veracity and authority of the Bible. This analysis was an output of that process of questioning. (DL, Sept. 6, 2021)

Bart Ehrman’s arguments about who Jesus actually was and how he came to be thought of as he is now among Christians all take as their starting place a conviction that the four gospels which describe Jesus were not supernaturally delivered and are not literally, word-for-word true and error-free.

In order to enter into Ehrman’s arguments, one must be able to entertain the possibility that the four gospels are not 100% true and reliable guides to history. This is the key leap for a person like Ehrman who moved from evangelical faith to agnosticism. At one point he believed that the gospels are 100% historically reliable; at a later point he did not.

The parts of Ehrman that I’ve read so far delve briefly into the question of the gospels’ reliability, but mostly take it as an assumption that they are not 100% reliable. But for those in our position, the question needs more detailed attention.

Continue reading
Standard
Faith

Presuppositions that Frame my Examination of the Scriptures

The following points were first written in May of 2015 for a group of dear friends with whom I was working through some questions related to the Christian faith of my childhood and early adult years. Beginning in my early-mid 30s, for the first time in my life I began to seriously question the veracity and authority of the Bible. These points are an output of that process of questioning. (DL, Sept. 6, 2021)


What follows is an attempt to frame the starting point from whence I begin an examination of the Scriptures. These points should be taken as a provisional and ad hoc distillation of thoughts I’ve been a long-time forming. I am happy to see them challenged or accepted as suits the reader.

Continue reading
Standard
Faith

On the Historicity of Genesis

Note: Like many of my peers (but unlike many of our parents or many of our children), I have made a lot of Facebook comments over the years. The writing is often unpolished, but they nevertheless offer excellent snapshots of what I was thinking at a particular time and how I articulated those thoughts for a particular audience in a particular context. This comment was made on the post of a friend who shared without comment a Gospel Coalition article entitled, “Biblical Reasons to Doubt the Creation Days Were 24-Hour Periods.” It is an in-progress moment in the decade-long unwinding of my evangelical faith. I have cleaned up a number of typos from the original comment. (DL, Sept. 13, 2021)


My thoughts based on my understanding of various things:

Continue reading
Standard
Faith

Conversation About Origins

Note: Until my early thirties I was a convinced Young-Earth Creationist. I firmly believed that the Earth is approximately 6,000 years old, and that the global flood of Noah as described in Genesis 6-9 was a historical event that occurred approximately 4,500 years ago. As described elsewhere, in September 2010 I began a new research project that led me to question my previous convictions. In the Spring of 2011 as my doubts mounted, I had the opportunity to speak with Ken Ham at a homeschool convention, and on his recommendation, wrote a later to one of Answers in Genesis’s staff members. This e-mail captures my thinking and research on this topic at that time in some detail. Dr. [Name Redacted] did in time respond (see the postscript at the end), but his answers were not sufficient to end my doubts. (DL, Sept. 18, 2021)


Dear Dr. [Name Redacted]:

Ken Ham suggested I write you and gave me your e-mail when I approached him after one of his speaking engagements in the Spring.

I was reared in the church. I made a profession of faith at four. I was heavily involved in Child Evangelism Fellowship through junior high and high school. I took a bachelor’s and a master’s at Bob Jones University. In the ten years since, I have been heavily involved in Christian education and (on my own time) in Christian apologetics, often in regards to the scientific inadequacy of Neo-Darwinism and the evidence for Y.E.C. I have read fairly widely in the field of Y.E.C., most recently (as it happens) in Coming to Grips with Genesis.

Over the last ten to twelve months I have begun to seriously question the tenability of Young-Earth Creationism.
WIth that doubt (which has come to border very closely on flat disbelief), has come a concomitant and unsettling uncertainty regarding the veracity of the Scriptures as a whole. As you know, if Genesis isn’t true, we must seriously ask whether any of it is true.

Continue reading
Standard
Faith

Aiming Low

Note: I can trace the first unraveling of my lifelong faith in the reliability of the Bible to a specific date—September 27, 2010. On that day, at 1:35 pm Andrew Sullivan (of whom by then I was an avid reader) posted a short post entitled “Aiming Low” which ended with a single question, asked rhetorically: “How do you rebut a Senatorial candidate who believes that the earth was made 6,000 years ago?” The implied answer which Andrew seemed to assume all his readers would undoubtedly recognize and agree with was, ‘You can’t. They’re past reason.’ I, a convinced and passionate Young Earth Creationist (YEC), was provoked by what I perceived as both slight mockery from a writer I respected and admired and sad ignorance of the obvious scientific basis for the Biblical account of origins. I determined to write to Andrew to set the record straight. I began an email which I intended to be a clear, succinct and persuasive argument for a young earth–a clear demonstration that the YEC position was not nearly as irrational as he assumed. I never finished it. The research and reading I began as I wrote the email spiraled completely out of my control, and by the following Spring I had developed serious doubts about the historicity of the Flood narrative in Genesis. (DJL, July 16, 2023)


It’s hard to write an e-mail like this: the venue is wrong for the content and what you are able to communicate despite the formal limitations is going to be misread.

Nevertheless, here goes.

  1. I) The standard evolutionary mantra is patently, egregiously, and demonstrable inadequate as an explanatory tool–despite what the experts, Wikipedia, and Dawkins all say (and believe me, I’ve read my share of all of the above).
    1. A) Darwinian natural selection can function only if 

Standard
Gaming

Virtual Morality (1)

Making real choices in a virtual world

Note: This is the first of two papers on similar themes. (Read the second here.) I wrote both in the second year of my MA in English at Bob Jones University, the fundamentalist Christian school I attended for my BA and MA. Both capture well the moral tenor of my upbringing and of my beliefs at that time. I was raised in evangelicalism and on a diet of Rush Limbaugh. But since that time and these writings, some of my views have changed in important ways. In regards to the argument of this paper, the most significant change is that I have lost my former confidence in the Bible as the absolute, objective moral frame of reference for humans. As a result, the core imperative of this paper no long works for me. However, I still to this day embrace and affirm the central observation that a person’s moral decisions in a virtual space or video game are not without implications for their real-world thinking about morality. I still believe what we pretend to think or do can affect what we actually think and do in the real world. (DL, Sept. 18, 2021)


In September 1987, Captain Picard’s Enterprise-D embarked on its maiden voyage. Captain James T. Kirk and his cronies had been replaced by a new crew with a new ship and new gadgets. Perhaps the most memorable of those new gadgets was a new kind of shipboard recreation chamber: the holodeck. A virtual-reality chamber featuring cutting-edge 24th-century technology, the holodeck used holograms, force fields, and semi-stable matter to create alternate realities indistinguishable from the real thing. It was a room where dreams came to life, and it quickly captured the imagination of Trekkers everywhere. Before long, the “holodeck” became verbal shorthand for the supreme realization of virtual reality.

Continue reading
Standard
Politics

Taxes: more than duty

Note: This article was the staff commentary piece published in the Bob Jones University student newspaper The Collegian (Vol 12, No 12) on tax day, 1999. To this day I believe in and celebrate the citizen’s duty (and, especially in a democratic context, honor) to pay taxes. I find libertarian statements like ‘Taxation is Theft’ to be ridiculous and (especially when coming from a Christian) deeply disappointing. Historically speaking, we enjoy unheard of prosperity and freedom in America. Surely we should expect to have to pay for it. (DL, June 6, 2023)


It’s April 15, and many people have been thinking about what happens to their tax dollars. Some taxpayers are quite vocal in their disgust with government economic policy. Some criticism of the government is necessary to ensure accountability, but sometimes valid criticism can degenerate into an un-Christian, complaining spirit. When this happens, Christians commit a sin that resembles the Israelites’ grumbling in the wilderness.

When the Lord commanded men to “render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s” (Mark 12:17), He made it clear that Christians are duty-bound to pay taxes. But paying taxes is more than a duty; it is actually an opportunity for Christians to serve God with their money. Paying taxes is equated with serving God in Romans 13. Paul says in verse six, “For this cause pay ye tribute also: for they are God’s ministers, attending continually about this very thing. Render therefore to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due.”

Governments are instituted by God. They are worthy of our tax dollars not because they are righteous, but because they do God’s work of governing. The Roman government did not spend tribute money entirely on enterprises that were pleasing to God. Tiberius, the Caesar to whom Christ was referring in Mark 12, used his fortune to support a perverted lifestyle. Yet Christ said to pay.

Obedience to Christ’s command requires more than an outward conformity to IRS policy. It requires a heart that joyfully submits to the Lord’s will. Moses referred to this principle of joyful service in his final message to the Israelites. He was admonishing them to serve the Lord. If you do not, he warned, curses will come “because thou servedst not the LORD thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things” (Deut. 28:47). Moses said it was important to both serve with joyfulness and be glad for the Lord’s abundant blessings.

A complaining spirit is not only a failure to obey joyfully, but it also overlooks the benefits that our tax dollars bring us. Government money pays our firefighters, police officers and soldiers, Uncle Sam built the interstate system that helps many BJU students get home so quickly. “Your tax dollars at work” means air traffic controllers and effective sanitation. It means technology too. Thanks to the billions of dollars poured into NASA, we have everything from computers and communication satellites to velcro and solar-powered calculators.

We have so much to be thankful for. Let’s not forget our blessings and sin by grumbling as we pay our taxes.

Standard